1997
4th Feb 1997
Muscles – Trigger stimulus – light level changes
– Compare with desire
– Make appropriate response - close / open iris
The goal may be fixed – preprogrammed - reflexes
Get stimulus
Compare with goal (requires recognition) - Finish if met – but maintain vigilance
Make appropriate response
Obtain feedback stimulus – brings us back to the top – Get Stimulus
If we have a device to control it knows internally how to maintain its status. Just send it the response – do action to given location – this is received by device as changing the goal. Goals are stimuli that are desired – feeling are associated with stimuli not responses.
Next level of information
- Triggering stimulus
- Associated remembered occurrence /or/ triggered feeling
- Associated feeling
- Start executing past response /or/ don’t respond
When you make an appropriate response you are giving an output device a goal to achieve – which means you are sending a required stimulus (desired stimulus) to the device – Does this happen when you initiate a habit.
The unique Identifier of a habit is the desired (goal) / expected stimulus that the habit will achieve when it is invoked and performs successfully to completion. Habit performance finishes when the desired (goal) / expected stimulus is achieved in reality. As each response is made feedback stimulus is received to cue the next response in the habit. All stimuli are recognized and when they match the goal stimulus attention attracted to the fact and the habit is done. Any failure (or deviation) of feedback stimulus may be recognized and a different habit or part of the habit be performed still trying to achieve the goal. Does this need conscious decision or this automatic switch to new habit done habitually – notice still trying to achieve original goal stimulus – this has not changed.
To achieve the goal the habit may be composed of sub habits which are trying to achieve sub-goals because the habits are aggregations of sub-habits. That’s how they build up on each other. Each sub-habit maintains its integrity and successfulness and gets reused. It has its own sub-goals and expected stimulus.
15th July 1997 [Page 1]
Envy is an emotion.
Reflexes are associated with paying attention.
[Page 2]
Behaviour sequence (BS)
Given a context stimulus and a desired feedback goal stimulus then this is what you do for success.
Context & end -> means (that works). Means takes the form of a # of parallel and sequential BS each with context & end -> means.
GS = Goal Stimulus
OS= One Shot
TS = Triggering Stimulus
R = Response
FS = Feedback Stimulus
Simple One-shot
Complex Continuous – 2 or more one shots working together as group to regulate
Transfer triggering of reflex to another stimulus through learning – discrimination / generalization.
* The expected goal stimulus is the identifier of a habit (not a response command).
* The decision to start a habit is made based on a match of the trigger (situation) stimuli and the goal stimulus be desirable!
E.g. Athletes visualize the result they want to obtain / cause the right behaviour.
[Page 3]
Group of Behaviour sequences
Sa -> R1 -> Sb Sf -> R2 -> Sf Conscious learning (high-level learning which requires thinking)
-> Sc -> R1 -> Sf
-> Sd -> R3 -> Sa
Compare S with desired goal S, if match perform R, if mismatch stop.
Compare Sa with stored Sa – matches, then are expected Sb, Sc, Sd desirable.
Yes – if so do R1 – start executing as a habit
No – else no do.
One shot reflex
St => Rr St is recognized * Goal is implicit
=> associated Rr so do it
Continuous reflex
Sa => R1 -> Sc => R3 Sa recognized Goal is implicit.
Sb => R1’ => associated R1 so do it,
R1 and R1’ work on opposing muscles
Goal is a balance point between Sa and Sb
Habit execution - successful execution of known habit – learnt.
Sa => R1 -> Sb Se Sf => R2 – Sg Sa recognized, so habit identified start executing because all feedback S flagged successful.
-> Sc => R1 -> Sg
-> Sd => R3 -> Sa => R1
Simple Habit
Sb, Sa => Ra -> Sa
[Page 4]
Generalization of reflexive response to another stimulus Reflex Sf => Rs
Sb, Sf Fe/g => Rs Sb = bell, Sf = food, Rs = Salivate
Fe/g = Feeling good idea – expected
Next time Sb occurs
Sb Fe/g = Rs
What form is original reflex in?
Cheek touch and turn head reflex
St => Rt St – cheek touched, Rt – head turns
Finger touch
Sf, St => Rt Sf – finger touch, Sf too similar to St – hard to analyze (Finger touch produces St or is recognized as the same.)
Bell Ring
Sb, St => Rt -> Sd Sb – bell ring, Sd different every time done
Certain probability that bell will trigger Rt. Will do provided concentrating at level 0 = no expectations, bell will match Sb –attention attracted, habit – not punished, not rewarded, is familiar – so perform as a habit. Can transfer / generalize to another Sc paired with bell. No expectations of feedback stimulus – no good.
Shouldn’t Sd produce Fn – novelty, the first time
Sb, St => Rt -> Sd, Fn
[Page 5]
Then when Sb occurs again and not concentrating then habit has novel result so perform
Sb Sd/e Fn/e => Rt -> Sd Fn = Feeling Novel, [ /e is an expectation – idea]
Expected Sd and expected novelty feeling mark the habit started execution. Why did habit jump the gun and not wait for St ? Maybe should only jump the gun if Fg/e but not Fn/e because expected novel really expects the same feedback stimulus trying to predict the environment.
So instead: Sb, Sd/e, St => Rt -> Sd Ff Ff = feeling familiar
Now it understands environment and no good or bad feeling so does not repeat as habit – habits need success or failure.
So we have Sb, St => Rt -> Sd Ff repeats as long as St => Rt
Learn to Recognize
Just consider Fn Ff on stimuli
STM Sa Fn Sb Fn Sc Fn Sa/A [ Sb Ff] Sd Fn Sa/A recognized – familiar, [Sb Ff] not in STM and Sd = sequence novelty.
Fn stuff transferred to LTM, Sa/A = Address of Sa (eidetic reference) but not performing so no sequence expectations.
LTM Sa Sb Sc Sa/A
2nd Sa is recognized – its familiar but not following an Sc – so do habit of recognizing sequence, flag start execute habit at Sa/A address, expect an Sb and if it is received / sensed then environment is doing what is expected – familiar – not stored in LTM.
So Sa, Sb is common sequence in environment but not always followed by Sc and Sc not always followed by Sa. So then receive Sd and am habit performing at Sb
1) Sd maybe novel or 2) Sd maybe familiar but it is novel to execution sequence. Which ever attention attracted by unfamiliar sequence.
If habit is following other possible threads if any are familiar it does not attract attention but switches to those threads – answer 2 pages from here [ think about later].
[Page 6]
E.g. Sm, Sb, Sd may
Case 1) Sd is novel and not expected attention attracted – Habit stops <- not habit until expected once.
LTM Sa, Sb, Sc, Sa/A Sd Fn Se Fn
Case 2) Sd is familiar but not expected in current sequence being followed, attention attracted – old habit stops – new habit begins
Sa, Sb Sc Sa/A Sd/A
[These notes have been crossed out:
In both these cases no indication of where in Sa/A sequence the Sd appeared to interrupt i.e. what was stimulus preceding Sd. When the habit stops must store the preceding Sb to give Sd context.
End of crossed out notes]
* Premature habit execution! Need to perform it at concentration level 1 to test its correctness – familiar stimulus + familiar order *
Sa, Sb, Sc, SaFf, SbFf, Fs familiar Ff-> started performing at level 1
successful Fs -> success familiar order -> can use as habit
1) Sd Novel and unexpected in sequence (novel)
Sa Sb Sc Sa Sb Fs Sd Fn attention attracted concentration drops to 0
2) Sd Familiar but sequence novel
Sa Sb Sc Sa SbFf Sd stop performing here and star tat new location.
Now Sa Sb sequence established – habit to recognize them.
[Page 7]
* Next time Sa received a recognition habit is started to wait for Sb and concentration stays at level 0. Allows for multiple simultaneous stimuli from different senses
Case A)
What if Sc received – start performing level 1 at Sc expect Sa
Sa is received so have successful sequence. Fs = feeling successful
Sc Sa Fs - followed by any stimulus - not familiar or not familiar order and Sa initiates habit to expect Sb. Now have two habits Sa Sb Fs and Sc Sa Fs – When Sc next occurs habit to recognize starts Sc Sa Fs habit – when gets Sa it finishes this habit and automatically switches to Sa Sb Fs habit. Recognition habit switches subconsciously between habits – [this is the] answer to Pg 5 bottom!
Case B)
What if habit recognizing Sa Sb Fs completes – normal finish – then it does not interrupt attention – habit just ends it achieved goal = disregard familiar order of stimuli. Memory looks like Sa | Ff a familiar higher level stimulus.
Case C)
Sd occurs after habit to recognize Sa Sb Fs has finished
Have Sa Sb Sc Sa Sb Fs Sd… and get Sa | Ff Sd – the | is the subconscious recognition of Sb
So need a break marker | where habit started being performed – or maybe Sb Sd is stored because Sb was context when Sd occurred. Call it a habit started marker -> implies did / do habit – call it Sa address indicator implies recognized higher level stimulus
Case D)
Sb does not occur while performing habit instead Se occurs
Habit fails and attracts attention if it can interrupt
So feeling brought up?
Sa | Fx Se or Sa | Sa Se if this happens again it will perform it and mark it successful
Attention memory always has actually received / previous to unexpected stimuli – context for failure. best illustrated with longer sequence
[Page 8]
Change at different rates detected by different parts motion by senses – rapid change – extremely fast – may miss item altogether from second to second STM – minutes hourly + + LTM.
Case C) upon successful completion of habit to recognize the goal stimulus becomes conscious to new sequence
Sa | Ff Sd Fs
And now Sd is related to end of habit if Sb causes start of concentration + performance at previous Sb
At Ff we start concentrating and consciously expected Sd because Sa | was recognized by habit and as soon as match a stimulus we start performing past experience.
If we had Sa | habit and Sg | habit we should be able to get Sa | Sg | Fs and form a new pattern recognition habit.
Case D) longer sequence Sa Sb Fs Sc Fs Sd Fs is habit and Sa | Sc Se occurs if Se received instead of Sd if repeated new will be Sa | Sc Fs Se Fs a new version of the habit – both start with Sa |
So next Sa will activate both habits in parallel one will fail other will succeed.
Now back to Pg 4 – 5 Reflexive response – no punishment or reward
Sb = bell ring, St = cheek touched, Rt= head turn, Fn=feeling Novelty
Sb, St => Rt -> Sd 1st time Sd is another different stimulus
Fn Reflex Fn
[Page 9]
2nd time Fs = feeling success
Sb, St => Rt -> Sd
Ff Reflex Ff implies Fs
Start doing
In this sequence reflex still triggered while performing / concentrating on the past experience at level 1 initiated by Ff
3rd time Sb => Rt habit performed
How do we ever get to this 3rd stage? Where we don’t wait for St to occur but we are executing the past experience? It needs a Fg (good feeling) to do a jump / assumption like this. This idea expressed on * Pg 5
Or is it a generalization – patter recognition of Sb is good enough to be equivalent to Sb, St as a triggering stimulus! – NO!
[Page 10]
30th Aug 1997
Recalling a good stimulus implies thinking – it might only take place when thinking. But when learning there has to be the feeling that says (is interpreted as) YES go ahead and repeat it or NO don’t repeat past experience. This feeling can be that of familiarity triggering lower concentration or good triggering high concentration or the idea of good triggering medium concentration.
31st Aug 1997
More detailed analysis of pattern recognition cases from pg 6
STM Sa Fn Sb Fn Sc Fn Sa Ff Sb Fs
LTM Sa Sb Sc Sa Sb Fs
Location 1 2 3 4 5 6
Concentrate 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
Doing at location 2 2 3
Next possibilities are Sc, Sd (familiar), Sd (Novel)
Sc Received
STM Sb Fs Sc Fs
LTM Sb Fs Sc Fs
Location 5 6 7 8
Concentration 1 1 1 1
Doing at 2 3 3 4
Continue to do past experiences at concentration level 1 proving correctness of order of stimuli. Fs flags a successful order has been recognized.
[Page 11]
Sd familiar
STM Sb Fs Sd Ff S1
LTM Sb Fs Sd
Location 5 6 7
Concentration 1 1 0 1
Doing at 2 3 X
Stop executing at 3 because not match with past sequence but Sd familiar so start executing at location X where Sd was 1st found. Sd might trigger habit! – see pg 12
Sd Novel
STM Sb Fs Sd Fn
LTM Sb Fs Sd
Location 5 6 7
Conc. 1 1 0 0
Doing at 2 3
Stop executing at 3 because not match with past sequence.
Given location 1 -> 6 which contains the successful habit Sa Sb Fs then another Sa occurs triggering the habit to ignore the Sa Sb sequence.
Sa repeats
STM Sb Fs S4 Ff
LTM Sb Fs S4
Loc. 5 6 7
Conc. 1 1 0 1
Doing at 2 3 ?
Submind at 4
S4 or Sa| to mark start of habit execution of Sa habit?
Fs is feeling of successful performance of sequence (associated stimuli) while at concentration level 1 or higher.
If then Sb is received as submind expects it to submind performs at 4 and 5 and terminates and get Ff – start executing because next stimulus S4 not fllowed by an Fs – As long as there is an S then Fs the S then Fs the submind will continue performing. As soon as S S Fs S S we have an end of the sequence that has become a habit after the Fs position.
[Page 12]
Sd Familiar – Triggers Habit
STM Sb Fs Sd
LTM Sb Fs Sd
Location 5 6 7
Concentration 1 1 0
Doing at 2 3 -
Submind at x
Sd triggers habit which was found at location x
24th Sept 1997
Now let’s look at submind performance of Habit.
STM Sa Fn Sb Fn Sc Fn Sa Ff Sb Fs Sc Fs Sd Fn Sa4 Sa Sb Sc is the successful habit recognized
LTM Sa Sb Sc Sa Sb Fs Sc Fs Sd Sa4
Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Concentration 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Doing at - - - - 2 2 3 3 4 - -
Submind at 4
If Sb next stimulus submind will match it and not store in STM or LTM but will be in sensory memory should need to pay attention to it. After matching Sb submind will be doing the next successful recognition task of waiting for Sc. If there were any other Sb triggered successful habits these would be on the list of possible next stimuli to recognize. If anyone of them matches actual next stimulus Sx received the submind continues using the Sx as the trigger for any possible next stimuli to recognize. It only stops when the list of next stimuli to successfully recognize contains no next stimuli then get a Ff or the stimulus Sx received is not on the list.
Novel Unfamiliar – produces surprise.
If concentrating and novel stimulus (watching a magician and a strange unexpected thing happens) then no match expected. Interrupt execution, lower concentration; wait for memory to give info. on whether familiar or novel and what to do.
If submind recognizing and novel stimulus then interrupt mind.
[Page 13]
What is happening to mind during submind recognition of known and ignored stimuli?
Sx Not match Habit
Interrupt mind with Sx info. Two possibilities Sx is novel and Sx is familiar. First time novel – then familiar.
Sx Novel
STM Sd Fn Sa4 Sb Sx Fn Se Fn Sa4 Sb Ff Sx Fs Sg Fn
LTM Sd Sa4 Sb Sx Se Sa4 Sb Sx Fs Sg
Loc. 9 10 11 12 13
Conc. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Doing - - - 11 - 11
Submind 4 4
Reflexes - Pre-recorded sequence from Pg 8
STM -Reflex - Sb Fn St1 Sd Fn Sb Ff St1 Fs Sd Fs
LTM St Rt Fs Sb St1 Sd Sb St1 Fs Sd Fs
Loc 1 2 3 10 11 12 20 21 22 23 24
Conc - - - 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
Doing - - - - 10 11 12 12 13
Submind 1 1
[Page 14]
Some stimuli produce feelings of good Fg or feeling of bad Fb. So let us assume Sy results in Fg and Sn results in Fb.
If these are received in the context of other stimuli they cause certain reactions.
Sy in context of stimuli.
LTM Sa Sb Sy Fg Sc Sd 1st time
Loc. 1 2 3 4 5 6
STM Sa Ff Sb Fgi Sy Fg 2nd time – expectation of something good going to occur in Idea of Fg = Fgi
LTM Sa Sb Fgi Sy Fg
Loc. 10 11 12 13 14 It can’t make it occur any sooner because dependent on order of input.
Conc. 1 1 3 3 ?
Doing 2 2 3 3 ? If had a response between Sb and Sy then could have on 3rd time done response after Sa.
STM Sa Fai Sb
LTM Sa Fai Sb
Loc. 20 21 22
Conc. 2 2
Doing 11
[Page 15]
Learning Process
Receive stimulus or feeling
Store in stimulus sensory memory (remove one before previous one)
If submind doing
Does it recognize it (match with any habit?)
Yes – then go no further – back to get next stimulus
No – submind stops – with Fx feeling of failure
Store in LTM
Find it in LTM. Return Ff or Fn and loc.
Use feeling to decide to do / not do.
If do, set concentration level.
[Page 16]
Back to submind – it recognizes / executes successfully learnt sequences and does not store in STM or LTM any of the stimuli or responses. When it finishes a habit because there are no more stimuli to expect then it returns Ff to consciousness. To avoid problem of long sequences which have alternate stimuli in the middle let us use binary stimuli pairs. The 1st stimulus is the trigger and the second the expected one. Fs occurs when concentrating after second one received – this produces a pair. So from pg 12 when Sa4 occurs and Sb received we should get Ff.
Input Sa Sb Sc Sa Sb Sc Sd Sa Sb Sc Se
STM Sa Fn Sb Fn Sc Fn Sa Ff Sb Fs Sc Fs Sd Fn Sa4 Ff Sc Fs Se Fn
LTM Sa Sb Sc Sa Sb Fs Sc Fs Sd Sa4 Sc Fs Se
Loc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Conc. 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
Doing - - - - 2 2 3 3 4 - - 7 7 9 -
Sub - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - -
Now if Sa Sc Sb also frequently occurs what happens to set up recognition habit?
Input Sa Sc
STM Sa10
LTM Sa10
Loc 14
Conc 0
Doing -
Sub
When Sa Sb in STM and Fs while executing then replace Sa Sb with Sa1.
[Page 17]
So if recognized pairs of stimuli get replaced with label new memory trace looks like:
Now what happens when Sa Sc Sb also common sequence
When Sc was received and familiar at 3 and 5 but not Fs then just flush previous Sa out of LTM. Start executing at Sc location 6 but also keep location 4 as alternative. If Sd had occurred after Sc this would end up as successful Sc5 recognized. If Sa1 had occurred after Sc then this would have been successful Sc3 recognized.
[Page 18]
25th Sept 1997
The capacity of STM will be how many Ff stimuli can hold before no Fs of Fn occurs. Both of which cause a drop in amount held in STM. But Ff’s also caused STM -> LTM storage of previous familiar stimuli. Maybe STM capacity in this example is 2 because get Fs when pairs match up. A bigger matching sequence would require STM capacity > 2.
From Pg 13 and Pg 8 let’s introduce Responses
Reflex a pre-recorded sequence
LTM St Rt Reflex as recorded
Loc 1 2
Now it is triggered Fd = Felling of done very similar to if not identical to Fs
Input / Out Sb St Rt Sd
STM Sb Fn St Ff Rt Fd <- St1 Fn Sd Fn
LTM Sb St1 Sd
Loc 10 11 12
Conc 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
Doing - - 2 2 2 2 - -
Next time sequence occurs same reflex triggered but response should not be done early because no Fg involved.
I/O Sb St Rt Sd
STM Sb Ff St Ff Rt Fd <- St1 Fs <- Sb10 Fn Sd Ff
LTM Sb10
Loc 20
Conc 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
Doing - 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 - - 13
/1 /1 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2 /2
[Page 19]
Pg 14 explored feelings of Good and Bad. Sy produces Fg, Sn produces Fb
Sy in context of Stimuli only
Input Sa Sb Sy Sc Fg brings concentration level to 0 and stops doing? Fg is remembered in LTM.
STM Sa Fn Sb Fn Sy Fg Sc Fn
LTM Sa Sb Sy Fg Sc
Loc 1 2 3 4 5
Conc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Now what happens the second time
Also get Fs Ff
Input Sa Sb Sy
STM Sa Ff Sb Fs <- Sa1 Fn Sy Fg
LTM Sa1 Sy Fg
Loc 10 11 12
Conc 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Doing 2 2 2 2 - - - -
What if Sa not received but start with Sb
Also get Ff Ff,Fs
Input Sb Sy
STM Sb Fgi Sy Fg
LTM
Loc.
Conc. 3 3
Doing 3 3
[Page 20]
28th Sept 1997
Work out algorithm to recognize hierarchy of stimuli.
[Page 21]
1st Oct 1997
Given recognized stimulus or successful actions we have
an associated stimulus,
an associated response,
an associated feeling (good / bad) and
an associated idea of.
3rd Oct 1997
The response can be a simple response or a high level response. A high level response consists of a response, feedback stimulus,
response, feedback stimulus, reward feeling. A pair of responses chained together and rewarded (?) to associate them.
If H.L. response just response, feedback stimulus then no pattern / havbit /high level command is built up. The feedback stimulus could be simple or high level – its successful recognition would make the response the right one. If the feedback stimulus is recognized but not successful or feedback stimulus new don’t have success to identify high level stimulus. Always separate triggering stimulus from response because decision point involved.
As soon as performed a pair of R-S’s then have a High level response. The 1st R1-S1 has to have success on recognizing S1 and 2nd R2-S2 has to have success of recognizing S2. New Rx becomes Rx-S2 where x is address of R1. If S1 is new or familiar but unexpected we have no success, just record R1 in LTM – keep S1 in STM for match – new doing. S1 or S2 are also successful if they get a good feeling after them or the idea of a good feeling.
[Page 22]
4th Oct 1997
Rules Fn – move all STM to LTM and listen
Ff – If not doing – start doing at all match locations
- If doing + matches 1 of expected – have success Fs
- not expected – move all except latest STM -> LTM
- matches many of expected – do 1st one of match list
Fs – collapse STM into new stimulus address
[Page 23, no more page numbers from here on]
5th Oct 1997
Habit id given to RSR sequence
After Response stimulus is either (must be doing)
Fn dump STM toLTM level <- 0
Ff Not expected move all to STM except latest
matches many of expected -> do 1st one of match
matches 1 of expected - > successful Fs – collapse STM
Not doing
Trigger stimulus recognized (Ff) – start doing
If response then do it and start recognizing feedback stimulus
If new stop doing
If familiar + expected continue doing – recognizing feedback stimulus
If familiar + not expected start doing at new location
If feedback stimulus recognized and another response then do it and label it as OUTAD
Sf = feedback stimulus, St = Triggering Stimulus
To get St R1 Sf1 R2 Sf2 to collapse into St Rx Sf2 where Rx is response done at location x (where R1 is stored) Sf1 must be recognized = familiar successfully as single stimulus and R2 done but no need for Sf2 to be recognized.
When doing St Rx Sf2 – 1st St recognized and start doing.
When doing Rx do R1 in STM
Recognize Sf1 in STM
Do R2 in STM collapse to Rx
Before you do response you take successful triggering stimulus from STM and put it in LTM. Except if STM starts with response.
When started doing response you made a decision to do/ not do based on expected feelings (these expectations could be stored before doing response)
If expect bad then stop doing
If expect neutral – proceed level 1
If expect good – proceed level 3
- do response
- recognize feedback stimulus (still doing)
If successful – already doing
And next to do is response – before doing it what are expected feelings if neutral/good do it + collapse RSR.
If feedback stimulus (and matches one of expected) recognized – different St R1 Sf switch doing this new one on match list of St.
4th Nov 1997 Learning Styles
Reflex – built-in stimulus -> response. Always done / non-inhibitable
Repeat what was done last time in same situation (if have such an experience)
New situation – any part of it -> repeat response from memory. Only repeat/respond if have positive feeling – expectation of a change to good – expectation of improvement.
Generalization? - responding to type rather than actual instance. When faced with same situation mind recalls resulting stimulus and expectation of improvement.
Boredom drive to avoid anything that reduces boredom (repetition) is rewarding – Anything that increases change is rewarding.
After a response there are a variety of possible resulting stimuli so many possible cues for next response in a habit.
** Neutral stimuli take on rewarding or punishing feelings when they are followed by (improvement in moods) good/bad feelings which are changes in status of mood. This continues 2nd order / 3rd order etc. Have need/drive – water/thirsty, food/hungry, change/bored, rest/tired, Pleasure/Sad? (generic), heat/cold any stimulus that changes state of these needs produces feelings of good/bad.
But after a stimulus situation recognized a variety of things can be done – one is chosen based on recency, current need.
When generalizing – new stimulus situation recalls a response which had a certain expected improvement – dependent on similarity – subset of stimuli matching
Needs (are experienced as) produce stimuli – hunger, thirst, boredom, cold, tiredness. These are instinctive / reflexive responses to these stimuli which usually obtain the object that improves the situation – reduces or eliminates the need stimulus.
Some of the first responses we learn are ones to pay attention to particular senses + features. Orienting responses – control a sense organ to detect particular stimulus presence or absence – No physical orienting response detect some feature such as pitch of sound or colour of object, but still a mental response to use that feature.
Reflexive attraction of attention is a reflexive response.
Hope = expectation
Sorrow <--> Joy
Anger <--> Pleasure
Shame <--> Pride
Guilt <--> correct – right morals
S1 R1 Sr Fr --> S1 Fr R1 Sr Fr backward chaining
The only reflex should be to do random response if bored.
5th Nov 1997
Cue stimulus – find at many locations gives list of expected next stimuli – execute most recent one
If stimulus (resulting) following stimulus – matches one of expected list – match collapse /compress – new stimulus? Call it an Action.
Cue stimulus – find at many locations gives list of expected next stimuli / responses to do – execute most recent one.
If response – do it and collapse STM of S + R into an address N pointer. Sn – an Action.